Description: The intestinal microbiome is a major player in pathophysiology. It intercepts host metabolic fate at energy-trapping levels, produces short-chain fatty acids, and controls anti-inflammatory factors. The International Conference on Obesity and Metabolism, ICOM, is among the largest internationally recognized forums to discuss recent findings in gut microbiome. It encourages collaborative efforts into innovative, microbiome-based intervention strategies against obesity and metabolic diseases. Dysbiosis refers to the imbalance in microbial diversity, which has been associated with fat storage, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. Several emerging studies have pointed out new therapeutic perspectives for targeting the microbiome by interventions with probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions against obesity and for improving metabolic health.