Obesity is a complex disorder driven by genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, and metabolic pathway disturbances. Key contributors include leptin and insulin resistance, dysregulation of adipokines, chronic inflammation, and changes in the gut microbiome. These factors fuel molecular mechanisms that create an energy imbalance, producing excessive fat deposition. Recent research targets these pathways to develop effective treatments and preventive strategies. The International Obesity and Metabolism Conference (IOMC) is a leading global event that brings together researchers, clinicians, and industry experts to present cutting-edge findings in obesity and metabolic research.