Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome (KDS-Yang), one of the primary concepts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), shares similar clinical signs of the glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome. Electrophysiological, Golgi Cox staining, Western blot, and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that hippocampal synaptic structure and long-term potentiation (LTP) damaged in hydrocortisone-induced KDS-Yang rats, accompanied by significantly increased expression of total and phosphorylated Tau protein. KDS-Yang stimulate accumulation of Tau proteins and Tau hyperphosphorylation, which might be the biological basis for “kidney essence deficiency leads to insufficient intelligence”.